A Centuries-Old Practice, A Deadly Tradition http://www.unicefusa.org/issues99/jan99/feature3.html
FGM and Religion: A False Connection -- FGM, or female circumcision as it is also - but incorrectly - known, is practiced by Muslims, Christians, animists, and nonbelievers in a range of communities, often under the mistaken belief that it is a religious dictate. - U.S. Fund for UNICEF 1998
Female Circumcision Issues Page http://www.eskimo.com/~gburlin/female.html
The World Health Organization had a conference in February 1979 in Khartoum, Sudan, and unanimously condemned the mutilations as disastrous to womens health and as indefensible on medical as well as humane grounds. In the United States, Rep. Pat Schroeder has written a bill to prohibit female genital mutilation (FGM), H.R. 3247.
Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique http://www.noharmm.org/femcirctech.htm
This 1959 medical journal article reveals how American medicine condoned female circumcision with arguments similar to those still used today to justify male circumcision. Offers this article for historical reference only, as well as to emphasize these similarities and expose medical arrogance.
Female Genital Mutilation: Strategies For Eradication http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/first/hosken.html
by Fran P. Hosken - Female genital mutilation - the descriptive term for the different types of operations are "excision" and "infibulation" - continues to be practiced in large regions of Africa, from the Red Sea Coast to the shores of the Atlantic. In Indonesia and Malaysia, less drastic forms of "female circumcision" are practiced by some of the Moslem populations of this region and sporadic occurrences have been registered among other mainly Moslem groups.
